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Cardiopulmonary Exercise Physiology
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Cardiopulmonary Exercise Physiology
If you have recently had any surgeries related to your heart or suffer from any cardiovascular-related conditions you may need to engage in exercise rehabilitation to promote a healthy recovery after surgery. This is to effectively allow the heart to regain effective function and allow promotion of effective blood flow and oxygen throughout the body ensuring appropriate function, performance, and improved quality of life.
Cardiac rehabilitation, also called cardiac rehab, is a customized outpatient program of exercise and education. The program is designed to help you improve your health and recover from a heart attack, other forms of heart disease, or surgery to treat heart disease.
Cardiac rehabilitation often involves exercise training, emotional support, and education about lifestyle changes to reduce your heart disease risk, such as eating a heart-healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking.
The goals of cardiac rehabilitation include establishing a plan to help you regain strength, prevent your condition from worsening, reduce your risk of future heart problems, and improve your health and quality of life.
The goals of cardiac rehabilitation include establishing a plan to help you regain strength, prevent your condition from worsening, reduce your risk of future heart problems, and improve your health and quality of life.
Cardio Pulmonary Exercise Physiology
Research has found that cardiac rehabilitation programs can reduce your risk of death from heart disease and reduce your risk of future heart problems. The American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology recommend cardiac rehabilitation programs.
Cardiac rehabilitation is an option for people with many forms of heart disease. In particular, you might benefit from cardiac rehabilitation if your medical history includes:
- Heart attack
- Coronary artery disease
- Heart failure
- Peripheral artery disease
- Chest pain (angina)
- Cardiomyopathy
- Certain congenital heart diseases
- Coronary artery bypass surgery
- Angioplasty and stents
- Heart or lung transplant
- Heart valve repair or replacement
- Pulmonary hypertension
The first stages of most cardiac rehabilitation programs generally last about three months, but some people will follow the program longer. In special situations, some people might be able to do an intensive program for several hours a day that can last one or two weeks.
During cardiac rehabilitation, you’ll likely work with a team of health care professionals, possibly including cardiologists, nurse educators, nutrition specialists, exercise specialists, mental health specialists, and physical and occupational therapists.
Cardiac Rehabilitation Includes:
Your health care team will generally perform an initial evaluation to check your physical abilities, medical limitations, and other conditions you may have. Ongoing evaluations can help your team keep track of your progress over time.
During your evaluation, your health care team might look at your risk factors for heart complications, particularly during exercise. This can help your team tailor a cardiac rehabilitation program to your needs, making sure it’s safe and effective for you.
Cardiac rehabilitation can improve your cardiovascular fitness through physical activity. Your health care team will likely suggest low-impact activities that have a lower risk of injuries, such as walking, cycling, rowing, and jogging. Your program might include yoga, which has been shown in some studies to be beneficial for cardiac health.
You’ll usually exercise at least three times a week. Your health care team will likely teach you proper exercise techniques, such as warming up and cooling down.
You might also do muscle-strengthening exercises, such as lifting weights or other resistance training exercises, two or three times a week to increase your muscular fitness.
Don’t worry if you’ve never exercised before. Your health care team can make sure the program moves at a comfortable pace and is safe for you
This involves support and education on making healthy lifestyle changes, such as eating a heart-healthy diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking.
It can include guidance about managing conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, and obesity.
You’ll likely have opportunities to ask questions about such issues as sexual activity. You’ll also need to continue taking medications you’ve been prescribed by your doctor.
Adjusting to a serious health problem often takes time. You might feel depressed or anxious, lose touch with your social support system, or have to stop working for several weeks.
If you get depressed, don’t ignore it. Depression can make your cardiac rehab program more difficult, and it can affect your relationships and other areas of your life and health.
Counseling can help you learn healthy ways to cope with depression and other feelings. Your doctor might also suggest that you take an antidepressant or other medication. Vocational or occupational therapy can teach you skills to help you return to work.
Although it may be difficult to start a cardiac rehabilitation program when you’re not feeling well, you can benefit in the long run. Cardiac rehabilitation can guide you through fear and anxiety as you return to an active lifestyle with more motivation and energy to do the things you enjoy.
Cardiac rehabilitation can help you rebuild your life, both physically and emotionally. As you get stronger and learn how to manage your condition, you’ll likely return to a normal routine, along with your new diet and exercise habits.
Your chances of having a successful cardiac rehabilitation program rest largely with you. The more dedicated you are to following your program’s recommendations, the better you’ll do.
After Cardiac Rehabilitation
After your program ends, you’ll generally need to continue the diet, exercise, and other healthy lifestyle habits you learned for the rest of your life to maintain heart-health benefits. The goal is that at the end of the program you’ll have the tools you need to exercise on your own and maintain a healthier lifestyle.
Results:
To get the most benefits from cardiac rehabilitation, you’ll need to continue the habits and follow the skills you learned in the program for the rest of your life.
Over the long term, sticking to your cardiac rehabilitation can help you:
- Improve strength
- Adopt heart-healthy behaviors, such as regular exercise and a heart-healthy diet
- Cut bad habits, such as smoking
- Manage your weight
- Find ways to manage stress
- Learn how to cope with heart disease
- Decrease your risk of coronary artery disease and other heart conditions
One of the most valuable benefits of cardiac rehabilitation is often an improvement in your overall quality of life. If you stick with your cardiac rehab program, you might end up feeling better than before you had a heart condition or had heart surgery.
Pulmonary Disease
The Benefits of Pulmonary Rehabilitation:
Research shows that pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the best things you can do to improve your breathing and wellbeing. It also reduces the frequency of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbations (flare-ups) and helps you stay well and out of the hospital.
An improvement in exercise tolerance is one of the main benefits of completing a pulmonary rehabilitation program. This helps make daily activities such as showering, hanging out the washing, walking, or gardening easier, increasing your independence. Regular exercise is an essential part of pulmonary rehabilitation, helping to reverse the cycle of inactivity and make exercise a part of your daily routine.
Pulmonary rehabilitation also assists you to manage your lung condition, by providing valuable information such as breathing techniques, using your medications, and strategies for conserving your energy.
PR is tailored to the individual who has recently had an exacerbation, to optimize their respiratory function and therefore their quality of life (QOL) and participation in their everyday lives. PR has been proven to significantly improve health-related QOL and exercise capacity in individuals with Chronic Respiratory Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) compared to usual care. Studies suggest PR is useful in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Individuals with COPD who undergo PR are likely to have better utilization of healthcare services for the next 12 months, although it is unclear whether these benefits last beyond this.
It is also a great opportunity to meet others with a lived experience of chronic lung disease, which fosters friendships, a sense of belonging, and a connection to a supportive, understanding community.
What does it involve?
Pulmonary rehabilitation programs are suitable for people who have a mild, moderate, or severe chronic lung disease, and who are limited by breathlessness.
Generally, pulmonary rehabilitation programs run for six to eight weeks, with one to two exercise sessions per week. Before you start, a health professional will talk to you about your condition and will ask you to do some different exercise tasks. They will then design an exercise program suited to your needs and symptoms. Once you are confident to exercise on your own, you may be given a home exercise program to do on days of the week when you are not in pulmonary rehabilitation. Some pulmonary rehabilitation programs also offer information sessions to help you self-manage your condition.
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